Atom Z A Model c z w Ref. 4He 2 4 4 1.008 0.327 0.445 1.71 Fr67 4He 2 4 4 0.964 0.322 0.517 1.71 MC74 7Li 3 7 1 1.77 0.327 0 2.39 Su67 9Be 4 9 1 1.791 0.611 0 2.519 Ja72 9Be 4 9 1 1.77 0.631 0 2.5 Fe73a 10B 5 10 1 1.71 0.837 0 2.45 St66 11B 5 11 1 1.69 0.811 0 2.42 St66 12C 6 12 2 1.649 1.247 0 2.460 Si70b 12C 6 12 1 1.687 1.067 0 2.454 Ja72 12C 6 12 2 1.672 1.150 0 2.44 Kl73 12C 6 12 4 2.355 0.5224 -0.149 2.4450 Me73a 12C 6 12 1 1.692 1.082 0 2.462 Fe73b 13C 6 13 2 1.635 1.403 0 2.44 He70a 14C 6 14 2 1.73 1.38 0 2.56 Kl73 14N 7 14 1 1.76 1.234 0 2.58 Da70 14N 7 14 1 1.729 1.291 0 2.540 Sc73a 14N 7 14 4 2.570 0.5052 -0.180 2.524 La82 15N 7 15 2 1.81 1.250 0 2.65 Da70 15N 7 15 4 2.334 0.498 0.139 2.70 Ge72 15N 7 15 1 1.756 1.290 0 2.580 Sc73a 16O 8 16 1 1.805 1.517 0 2.674 Si70a 16O 8 16 4 2.608 0.513 -0.051 2.730 Si70b 16O 8 16 1 1.833 1.544 0 2.718 Sc73a 17O 8 17 1 1.798 1.498 0 2.662 Si70a 18O 8 18 1 1.841 1.513 0 2.727 Si70a 18O 8 18 1 1.881 1.544 0 2.789 Sc73a 19F 9 19 3 2.59 0.564 0 2.900 Ha73b 19F 9 19 3 2.58 0.567 0 2.90 Oy75 20Ne 10 20 3 2.805 0.571 0 3.040 Mo71 20Ne 10 20 3 2.74 0.569 0 3.00 Fe73a 20Ne 10 20 3 2.740 0.572 0 3.004 Kn81 20Ne 10 20 4 2.791 0.698 -0.168 2.992 Be85 22Ne 10 22 3 2.782 0.549 0 2.969 Mo71 24Mg 12 24 4 3.108 0.607 -0.163 3.075 Av74 24Mg 12 24 4 3.192 0.604 -0.249 2.985 Li74 24Mg 12 24 3 2.942 0.538 0 3.032 Na72 24Mg 12 24 3 2.99 0.548 0 3.08 Le74 24Mg 12 24 3 2.98 0.551 0 3.08 Le76 25Mg 12 25 3 2.76 0.608 0 3.11 Le74 25Mg 12 25 4 3.22 0.58 -0.236 3.003 Eu77a 26Mg 12 26 3 3.05 0.524 0 3.06 Le74 26Mg 12 26 3 3.05 0.523 0 3.06 Le76 27Al 13 27 3 3.07 0.519 0 3.06 Lo67 27Al 13 27 3 2.84 0.569 0 3.05 Fe73a 28Si 14 28 3 2.93 0.569 0 3.10 Fe73a 28Si 14 28 4 3.30 0.545 -0.18 3.08 Mu70 28Si 14 28 3 3.106 0.542 0 3.138 Na72 28Si 14 28 5 1.95 2.076 0.286 3.106 Li74 28Si 14 28 3 3.14 0.537 0 3.15 Br74 28Si 14 28 4 3.340 0.580 -0.233 3.086 Mi82 29Si 14 29 3 3.17 0.52 0 3.12 Br74 29Si 14 29 4 3.338 0.547 -0.203 3.079 Mi82 30Si 14 30 4 3.252 0.553 -0.078 3.176 Mi82 31P 15 31 3 3.21 0.56 0 3.24 Ko65 31P 15 31 4 3.369 0.582 -0.173 3.19 Si72 31P 15 31 4 3.353 0.5789 -0.160 3.197 Me73b 32S 16 32 4 3.503 0.633 -0.250 3.243 Av74 32S 16 32 5 2.54 2.191 0.160 3.239 Li74 32S 16 32 4 3.458 0.6098 -0.208 3.247 Me73b 35Cl 17 35 4 3.476 0.599 -0.10 3.388 Br80 37Cl 17 37 4 3.554 0.588 -0.13 3.384 Br80 36Ar 18 36 3 3.54 0.507 0 3.327 Fi76 40Ar 18 40 3 3.388 0.612 0 3.47 Gr71 40Ar 18 40 3 3.47 0.569 0 3.42 Fe73a 40Ar 18 40 4 3.73 0.62 -0.19 3.48 We74 40Ar 18 40 3 3.53 0.542 0 3.393 Fi76 39K 19 39 4 3.743 0.585 -0.201 3.408 Si73a 40Ca 20 40 4 3.6685 0.5839 -0.1017 3.486 Be67d 40Ca 20 40 4 3.725 0.591 -0.169 3.452 Fr68 40Ca 20 40 3 3.51 0.563 0 3.43 Ei69 40Ca 20 40 4 3.766 0.586 -0.161 3.482 Si73a 48Ca 20 48 4 3.7369 0.5245 -0.30 3.470 Be67d 44Ti 22 44 3 3.75 0.567 0 3.59 Fe73a 48Ti 22 48 3 3.843 0.588 0 3.713 Sh78c 51V 23 51 3 3.94 0.505 0 3.58 Pe73 51V 23 51 3 3.91 0.532 0 3.615 Go74 48Cr 24 48 3 3.975 0.530 0 3.656 Be64b 50Cr 24 50 3 3.979 0.52 0 3.638 La76 50Cr 24 50 3 3.941 0.566 0 3.615 Go74 52Cr 24 52 3 4.01 0.497 0 3.613 La76 52Cr 24 52 3 3.984 0.542 0 3.684 Sh78b 53Cr 24 53 3 4.000 0.557 0 3.726 Sh78b 54Cr 24 54 3 4.021 0.524 0 3.673 La76 54Cr 24 54 3 4.01 0.578 0 3.776 Sh78b 55Mn 25 55 3 3.89 0.567 0 3.68 Th69 52Fe 26 52 3 3.98 0.569 0 3.74 Fe73a 54Fe 26 54 3 4.012 0.5339 0 3.723 Li72a 54Fe 26 54 5 3.473 2.280 0.431 3.690 Wo73 54Fe 26 54 5 3.518 2.270 0.403 3.680 Wo76 54Fe 26 54 3 4.075 0.506 0 3.675 La76 54Fe 26 54 3 4.074 0.536 0 3.732 Sh78b 56Fe 26 56 3 3.971 0.5935 0 3.787 Li72a 56Fe 26 56 5 3.475 2.330 0.401 3.737 Wo73 56Fe 26 56 5 3.505 2.325 0.380 3.729 Wo76 56Fe 26 56 3 4.106 0.519 0 3.721 La76 56Fe 26 56 3 4.111 0.558 0 3.801 Sh78b 58Fe 26 58 3 4.027 0.5757 0 3.783 Li72a 58Fe 26 58 5 3.49 2.363 0.40 3.779 Wo73 58Fe 26 58 3 4.027 0.576 0 3.783 Li71b 58Fe 26 58 5 3.585 2.354 0.328 3.767 Wo76 59Co 27 59 3 4.08 0.569 0 3.80 Fe73a 59Co 27 59 5 3.656 2.339 0.0331 3.775 Sc77 59Co 27 59 3 4.158 0.575 0 3.864 Sh78a 56Ni 28 56 3 4.09 0.569 0 3.81 Fe73a 58Ni 28 58 3 4.140 0.560 0 3.823 Kh70b 58Ni 28 58 3 4.084 0.5575 0 3.783 Li72a 58Ni 28 58 5 3.603 2.311 0.414 3.760 Wo73 58Ni 28 58 4 4.3092 0.5169 -0.1308 3.764 Fi74a 60Ni 28 60 3 4.150 0.578 0 3.866 Kh70b 60Ni 28 60 3 4.138 0.554 0 3.812 Li72b 60Ni 28 60 5 3.720 2.330 0.336 3.792 Wo73 60Ni 28 60 4 4.4891 0.5369 -0.2668 3.796 Fi74a 60Ni 28 60 5 3.691 2.337 0.352 3.793 Wo76 61Ni 28 61 4 4.4024 0.5401 -0.1983 3.806 Fi74a 62Ni 28 62 3 4.148 0.5703 0 3.856 Li72a 62Ni 28 62 5 3.788 2.345 0.322 3.828 Wo73 62Ni 28 62 3 4.223 0.548 0 3.854 Go74 62Ni 28 62 4 4.4425 0.5386 -0.209 3.822 Fi74a 62Ni 28 62 5 3.742 2.36 0.338 3.830 Wo76 62Ni 28 62 3 4.262 0.521 0 3.827 Ke77 64Ni 28 64 3 4.212 0.578 0 3.907 Kh70b 64Ni 28 64 5 3.904 2.332 0.280 3.842 Wo73 64Ni 28 64 4 4.5211 0.5278 -0.2284 3.845 Fi74a 64Ni 28 64 5 3.842 2.346 0.333 3.850 Wo76 58Cu 29 58 3 4.20 0.569 0 3.88 Fe73a 63Cu 29 63 5 3.707 2.412 -0.339 3.876 Sc77 63Cu 29 63 3 4.214 0.586 0 3.925 Go74 63Cu 29 63 3 4.163 0.606 0 3.933 Ke77 63Cu 29 63 3 4.218 0.596 0 3.947 Sh78a 65Cu 29 65 5 3.807 2.405 0.315 3.892 Sc77 65Cu 29 65 3 4.271 0.579 0 3.974 Go74 65Cu 29 65 3 4.158 0.632 0 3.986 Ke77 65Cu 29 65 3 4.252 0.589 0 3.954 Sh78a 60Zn 30 60 3 4.28 0.569 0 3.93 Fe73a 64Zn 30 64 3 4.265 0.627 0 4.041 Af71 64Zn 30 64 3 4.183 0.603 0 3.943 Li72b 64Zn 30 64 3 4.285 0.584 0 3.965 Ne72 64Zn 30 64 5 3.739 2.457 0.290 3.918 Wo73 64Zn 30 64 5 3.664 2.465 0.342 3.923 Wo76 64Zn 30 64 3 4.297 0.556 0 3.923 Ke77 66Zn 30 66 3 4.291 0.638 0 4.081 Af71 66Zn 30 66 3 4.251 0.599 0 3.977 Li72b 66Zn 30 66 3 4.318 0.595 0 4.009 Ne72 66Zn 30 66 3 4.286 0.595 0 3.991 Li73 66Zn 30 66 5 3.757 2.463 0.299 3.931 Wo76 66Zn 30 66 3 4.340 0.559 0 3.952 Ke77 68Zn 30 68 3 4.378 0.569 0 3.996 Ne72 68Zn 30 68 5 3.923 2.450 0.250 3.956 Wo73 68Zn 30 68 3 4.353 0.567 0 3.979 Li73 68Zn 30 68 5 3.870 2.459 0.293 3.963 Wo76 68Zn 30 68 3 4.393 0.544 0 3.958 Ke77 70Zn 30 70 3 4.409 0.583 0 4.044 Ne72 70Zn 30 70 5 3.919 2.462 0.317 3.996 Wo73 70Zn 30 70 5 3.878 2.460 0.342 3.986 Wo76 70Zn 30 70 3 4.426 0.551 0 3.993 Ke77 70Ge 32 70 3 4.44 0.585 0 4.07 Kl75 70Ge 32 70 3 4.430 0.5807 0 4.055 Kh90 72Ge 32 72 3 4.450 0.573 0 4.05 Kl75 72Ge 32 72 3 4.446 0.5921 0 4.088 Kh90 74Ge 32 74 3 4.454 0.6085 0 4.126 Kh90 76Ge 32 76 3 4.547 0.5780 0 4.127 Kh90 74Se 34 74 3 4.387 0.6078 0 4.07 Kh88 74Se 34 74 4 4.488 0.5933 -0.09 4.05 Kh88 74Se 34 74 6 4.278 2.493 0 4.00 Kh88 74Se 34 74 5 3.838 2.536 0.534 4.04 Kh88 76Se 34 76 3 4.471 0.6208 0 4.162 Kh88 76Se 34 76 4 4.512 0.6189 -0.039 4.152 Kh88 76Se 34 76 6 4.350 2.554 0 4.088 Kh88 76Se 34 76 5 3.682 2.608 0.645 4.133 Kh88 78Se 34 78 3 4.581 0.5729 0 4.138 Kh88 78Se 34 78 4 4.634 0.5673 -0.058 4.123 Kh88 78Se 34 78 6 4.503 2.451 0 4.077 Kh88 78Se 34 78 5 4.099 2.512 0.559 4.111 Kh88 80Se 34 80 3 4.667 0.5339 0 4.124 Kh88 80Se 34 80 4 4.614 0.5410 0.061 4.137 Kh88 80Se 34 80 6 4.622 2.365 0 4.076 Kh88 80Se 34 80 5 4.139 2.405 0.657 4.122 Kh88 82Se 34 82 3 4.718 0.5102 0 4.118 Kh88 82Se 34 82 4 4.642 0.5225 0.089 4.134 Kh88 82Se 34 82 6 4.694 2.307 0 4.076 Kh88 82Se 34 82 5 4.212 2.429 0.675 4.122 Kh88 88Sr 38 88 5 4.254 2.548 0.47 4.26 Al74 88Sr 38 88 3 4.83 0.496 0 4.17 Fi74b 89Y 39 89 3 4.76 0.571 0 4.24 Sh67a 89Y 39 89 5 4.45 2.526 0.25 4.24 Si73c 89Y 39 89 3 4.86 0.542 0 4.27 Fi74b 90Zr 40 90 5 4.434 2.528 0.350 4.274 Fa71 90Zr 40 90 5 4.50 2.53 0.20 4.25 Ph72 90Zr 40 90 5 4.522 2.5216 0.245 4.265 Dr73 90Zr 40 90 5 4.46 2.569 0.250 4.28 Si73c 91Zr 40 91 5 4.325 2.581 0.433 4.309 Fa71 92Zr 40 92 5 4.455 2.550 0.334 4.300 Fa71 94Zr 40 94 5 4.494 2.585 0.296 4.332 Fa71 96Zr 40 96 5 4.503 2.602 0.341 4.396 Fa71 93Nb 41 93 3 4.87 0.573 0 4.31 Sh67a 93Nb 41 93 3 4.953 0.541 0 4.331 Ja76 92Mo 42 92 5 4.61 2.52 0.19 4.28 Ph72 92Mo 42 92 5 4.538 2.5445 0.304 4.317 Dr73 92Mo 42 92 5 4.56 2.606 0.21 4.34 Si73c 110Pd 46 110 3 5.301 0.581 0 4.639 Li76 110Cd 48 110 3 5.33 0.535 0 4.58 Gi73 112Cd 48 112 3 5.38 0.532 0 4.61 Gi73 114Cd 48 114 3 5.40 0.537 0 4.63 Gi73 114Cd 48 114 3 5.314 0.571 0 4.632 Li76 116Cd 48 116 3 5.42 0.532 0 4.64 Gi73 98In 49 98 3 5.24 0.52 0 4.50 Ha56 98In 49 98 3 5.357 0.563 0 4.646 Ja76 112Sn 50 112 3 5.375 0.560 0 4.655 Kh70b 112Sn 50 112 5 4.962 2.638 0.285 4.586 Fi72 114Sn 50 114 5 4.971 2.636 0.320 4.602 Fi72 116Sn 50 116 3 5.275 0.539 0 4.551 Ba67b 116Sn 50 116 3 5.28 0.580 0 4.62 Cu69 116Sn 50 116 3 5.416 0.552 0 4.673 Li72c 116Sn 50 116 5 5.062 2.625 0.272 4.619 Fi72 116Sn 50 116 3 5.358 0.550 0 4.626 Li76 117Sn 50 117 5 5.058 2.625 0.295 4.625 Fi72 118Sn 50 118 3 5.30 0.583 0 4.64 Cu69 118Sn 50 118 3 5.412 0.560 0 4.679 Kh70b 118Sn 50 118 3 5.442 0.543 0 4.767 Li72c 118Sn 50 118 5 5.072 2.623 0.304 4.634 Fi72 119Sn 50 119 5 5.100 2.618 0.290 4.639 Fi72 120Sn 50 120 3 5.315 0.576 0 4.640 Ba67b 120Sn 50 120 3 5.32 0.576 0 4.64 Cu69 120Sn 50 120 5 5.110 2.619 0.292 4.646 Fi72 122Sn 50 112 5 5.088 2.611 0.378 4.658 Fi72 124Sn 50 124 3 5.440 0.539 0 4.666 Ba67b 124Sn 50 124 3 5.44 0.528 0 4.64 Cu69 124Sn 50 124 3 5.490 0.534 0 4.695 Li72c 124Sn 50 124 5 5.150 2.615 0.311 4.670 Fi72 102Sb 51 102 3 5.32 0.57 0 4.63 Ha56 138Ba 56 138 5 5.3376 2.6776 0.3749 4.836 He70b 114La 57 114 3 5.7100 0.5350 0 4.85 Sh67b 139La 57 139 3 5.710 0.535 0 4.85 Sh67b 142Nd 60 142 3 5.6838 0.5868 0 4.913 He71 142Nd 60 142 5 5.3120 2.7311 0.4378 4.888 He70b 142Nd 60 142 4 5.6135 0.5868 0.096 4.920 He71 142Nd 60 142 3 5.774 0.513 0 4.863 Ca73 142Nd 60 142 3 5.839 0.569 0 4.993 Ma74 144Nd 60 144 3 5.6256 0.6178 0 4.926 He71 146Nd 60 146 3 5.6541 0.6321 0 4.970 He71 146Nd 60 146 3 5.867 0.556 0 4.993 Ma74 148Nd 60 148 3 5.6703 0.644 0 5.002 He71 150Nd 60 150 3 5.7185 0.651 0 5.048 He71 150Nd 60 150 3 5.865 0.571 0 5.015 Ma74 150Nd 60 150 3 5.895 0.513 0 4.948 Hi77 148Sm 62 148 3 5.771 0.596 0 4.989 Ca73 152Sm 62 152 3 5.8044 0.581 0 5.0922 Be72b 154Sm 62 154 3 5.9387 0.522 0 5.1257 He73 158Gd 64 158 3 5.930 0.576 0 0.0 NA 165Ho 67 165 3 6.18 0.57 0 5.23 Sa67 165Ho 67 165 3 6.12 0.57 0 5.19 Uh71 166Er 68 166 3 6.1610 0.4872 0 5.2380 Co76 166Er 68 166 3 6.186 0.269 0 5.303 Cr77 166Er 68 166 4 5.98 0.446 0.19 5.237 Ca78 176Yb 70 176 3 6.3306 0.4868 0 5.3150 Co76 176Yb 70 176 3 6.127 0.363 0 5.443 Cr77 181Ta 73 181 3 6.38 0.64 0 5.48 Do57 184W 74 184 3 6.51 0.535 0 5.42 Ka73 186W 74 186 3 6.58 0.480 0 5.40 Ka73 197Au 79 197 3 6.38 0.535 0 5.33 Ha56 164Pb 82 164 3 6.69 0.494 0 5.50 Ni69 206Pb 82 206 3 6.61 0.545 0 5.509 Ja73 207Pb 82 207 3 6.62 0.546 0 5.513 Ja73 208Pb 82 208 5 6.3032 2.8882 0.3379 5.501 He69 208Pb 82 208 5 6.39 2.86 0.24 5.499 Fr72b 208Pb 82 208 3 6.624 0.549 0 5.521 Ja73 209Bi 83 209 3 6.75 0.468 0 5.51 Ni69 209Bi 83 209 5 6.315 2.881 0.39 5.521 Si73b 232Th 90 232 3 6.7915 0.571 0 5.7734 He73 232Th 90 232 3 6.851 0.518 0 5.645 Hi77 238U 92 238 3 6.8054 0.605 0 4.8434 He73 238U 92 238 3 6.874 0.556 0 5.854 Cr77